- Claud Levi-Strauss
- influential in 1960s-70s
- based on binery oppositions i.e male/female, inside/outside etc
- analysing in opposites/ pairs
Problems with structuralist approaches:
- it reduces things to being defined by what they are not
- one always becomes more dominant
- bineries become seperated
POST STRUCTURALISM
- 1970s
- finding the grey areas that structuralism doesn't cover
- finds gaps between bineries that can be analysed
Structural = analysing an object, popular in modernism
DECONSTRUCTION
- no fixed meaning, established modes of thought and bineries are questioned
- attention to the written language and visual characteristics
INTERTEXTUALITY
- post modernist readings, text-to-text connections
- quoting/borrowing from others, historical art etc
BOURDIEU - THEORIST
- CULTURAL CAPITAL : educated, cultural wealth
[Only people with higher cultural capital would recognise the use of intertextuality.]
PHYSICAL CONTEXT
Photography = mass distribution, the role of the gallery versus the magazine versus the internet.
From which of these perspectives or approaches do you see your own practice?
Physical context: Photobooks - the way the book is viewed, in a bookshop/library/gallery
- digitalised compared to book form, viewing things through a screen alters the way it is seen.
3 STAGES IN THE PROGRESS OF MODERNISM
1. Crisis in the representation of the reality:
Early 1900s to 20thC, figurative to abstract, realistic representations, surrealism, artists started to experiment with less control/ subconcious art, modernism started.
[Walter Benjamin (1936): Response to the rise of photography
- Aura presence that you can't feel when you see a reproduction of art. Loose the Aura of the art or object when it is mass produced (2d.)]
2. The rise of abstraction: 1920s
3. Abandoning the aesthetic process:
Based on the concept, beginning of post modernism, 'high modernism', emphasis on text.
[It could be argued that over the past century we have been in various phases of modernism; transitional period.]
BAHAUS - FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION
The art school that is highly significant: geometry/simplicity/repetition
MODERNISM
- form follows function
- repetition, seriality, geometry, formalism
- status and hierachy in art and design practice - 'high art versus low art'
Clement Greenberg:
Metanarrative - there is one main story of art, rather than several stories that are all important.
MODERNISM VS POST MODERNISM
Differences between these 2 pieces of work:
Chris Ofili - post modernism
- references to porn magazines
- representing the body, combining references to artists culture
- layers: emphasis on the surface
- non western view - black virgin mary
- erotisising the virgin mary, sexual connotations, yonic shapes
- subvert the traditional readings
- subjectivity of the maker - cultural context, nigerian culture : reference to mass culture.
Yves Klein - modernism
- paint on canvas
- painting: specific medium
- referring to itself
- highly formalised/ordered
- 'pure' colour
- deep, heavy, intellectual
- eleviated: cultural capital (viewer)
POST MODERNISM : Blurring the boundaries between disciplines
JIM LAMBIE
- kitsch: cheap, immitation
- humour, objects found
- immediacy: easily engaging but easily 'thrown away'
- opposite to 'high art'
- mass produced
GUNVAR NERVOLD, TEXTURED ROOMS (2001): embroidery and projection
- interaction
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